Geographical Engineering of Territory

Geographical Engineering of Territory

Investigating Food Security and Analyzing Its Challenges in Rural Areas (Case Study: Villages of Bekshlochai County, Urmia County)

Author
reza ghaderi
Assistant Professor of of Geography and Rural Planning Department, Payame Noor University
10.22034/jget.2024.178354
Abstract
Access to adequate and desirable foodand nutritional health are consideredas the main axes of development and the foundation ofbreeding the next generation of the country. Rural communities playasignificant rolein ensuring the country'sfood securityby providing more than two-thirds of food.However,evidence showsthat the situation of the country's main food security providers is unfavorable,at least compared to urban communities,due to reasons that havenot been addressedso far.The present study was conducted with the generalaimof analyzing the food security situation and the factors affecting itin theruralcommunityof Bakshlochai district.The statistical population of thestudy consistsof all headsof households in51villageslocated in Bakshlochai district.Using Cochran'sformula,180 householdheadshave been selectedas the sample. Inthe quantitative part of the present study,a standard and global questionnaire of the US Department of Agriculture was used to assess food security,the validity and reliability of which have been confirmed in several studies.In the qualitative part,data collection through purposeful sampling and snowball method continueduntil the theoretical saturationstage and thecollected data were analyzed using the data theory theory(GTM).The results of thequantitative part of the research showed that food security in the study area is in unfavorable conditions.In this way,7.8%of the studied people have food security,10% in food insecurity without hunger,25% in food insecuritywith moderate hunger and 57.2% in food insecurity with severe hunger.There is no significant difference in terms of food security. Also, the results of the qualitative part f the research related to food security challengesin the studyarea showed thatthe five main food securitychallenges thatareinterrelated are:weak policy-making,weak economicconditions,inadequacies And environmental hazards,cultural barriers and social change and agricultural instability
Keywords
Rural Development
Food Security
Food Insecurity
Bakshlochai District
Subjects
پیاب، مولود، درستی مطلق احمدرضا، اشراقیان محمدرضا، سیاسی، فریدون، کریمی، تینا، (1389)، رابطة ناامنی غذایی با برخی عوامل اجتماعی- اقتصادی و تغذیه ای در مادران دارای کودک دبستانی شهرستان ری، مجلة علوم تغذیه و صنایع غذایی ایران، سال هفتم، شمارة 1، صص84-75.
انستیتو تحقیقات تغذیه ای و صنایع غذایی کشور، طرح جامع مطالعات مصرف مواد غذایی کشور .
حافظ نیا، م. (1395). مقدمه ای بر روش تحقیق در علوم انسانی. تهران: سمت.
سالارکیا، ناهید، امینی، مریم، عبدالهی، مرتضی، عشرتی، بابک، (1389)، نقش عوامل اقتصادی، اجتماعی و فرهنگی در تغذیة کودک زیر دو سال از دیدگاه مادران، مراقبین کودک و کارکنان بهداشت: یک مطالعة کیفی در شهرستان دماوند، مجلة علوم تغذیه و صنایع غذایی ایران، سال پنجم، شماره  4، صص 86-75.
شرفخانی، رحیم، دستگیری سعید، قره آغاچی اصل، رسول و قوا مزاده، سعید، (1390)، شیوع و عوامل مؤثر بر ناامنی غذایی خانوار: یک مطالعة مقطعی، مجلة پژوهشی ارومیه، دورة بیست ودوم، شمارة دوم، صص 133-125.
صفرخانلو، الهام و امیر محمدی نژاد (1390)، بررسی اثر ضایعات نان بر خط فقر و شاخص امنیت غذایی خانوارهای شهری و روستایی ایران طی سالهای86-1380، اقتصاد کشاورزی و توسعۀ، سال 19، شماره75، صص 77-53.
علی حسینی، جمیله، (1385)، بررسی عوامل جمعیتی و اجتماعی موثر بر ناامنی غذایی: خانوارهای تحت پوشش کمیتة امداد در منطقة 20 تهران، پایان نامة کارشناسی ارشد دانشکدة علوم اجتماعی، دانشگاه تهران.
گودرزی، فریدون، شاد یطلب، ژاله، طالب، مهدی، (1387)، عوامل مؤثر بر امنیت غذایی در جامعة روستایی: مطالعة موردی دهستان پیر شهرستان خرم­آباد، پایان نامة کارشناسی ارشد توسعة روستایی، دانشکدة علوم اجتماعی، دانشگاه تهران.
Anderman, T.L. Remans, R. Wood, S. DeRosa, K. and DeFries, R. (2014): Synergies and tradeoffs between cash crop production and food security: a case study in rural Ghana, Food Sec. 6:541–554.
Anderman, T.L. Remans, R. Wood, S. DeRosa, K. and DeFries, R. (2014): Synergies and tradeoffs between cash crop production and food security: a case study in rural Ghana, Food Sec. 6:541–554.
Anderson, K. and Strutt, A. (2015): Food security policy options for China: Lessons from other countries, Food Policy, 49, pp: 50-58.
Bala, B.K., Alias, E.F., Arshad, F.M., Noh. K.M., and Hadi, A.H.A. 2014. Modelling of food security in Malaysia, Simulation Modelling Practice, 47: 152–164.
Bashir, M. K., Schilizzi, S. and Pandit, R. (2012): The determinants of rural household food security in the Punjab, Pakistan: an econometric analysis. Working Paper No.122526, School of Agricultural and Resource Economics, University of Western Australia, Crawley, Australia.
Leunufna, S.and Evans, M. (2014), Ensuring food security in the small islands of Maluku: a community genebank approach. Marine and Island Cultures, 3 (2): 125-133.
Nord M., Coleman-Jensen A., Andrews M., and Carlson S. 2010. Household Food Security in the United States 2009. U.S. Dept. of Agriculture, Econ. Res. Serv. November 2010.
Seydaei, E. Ghanbari, Y. Jamini, D. and Boshagh, M. (2013): Measuring the Agricultural Sustainability in Rural Areas- A Case Study: Rural Areas of Central District of Ravansar Township, GEOGRAPHY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SUSTAINABILITY, 6 (87-106). )
Shtasel-Gottlieb, Z. Palakshappa, D. Yang, F. and Goodman, E. (2015): The Relationship Between Developmental Assets and Food Security in Adolescents from a Low-Income Community, Journal of Adolescent Health 56: 215-222.
Sinyolo, S., Mudhara, M. and Wale, F. (2015), Water security and rural household food security: empirical evidence from the Mzinyathi district in south Africa, food security, 6 (4): 483-499.
Sinyolo,S, Mudhara, M. and Wale, E (2014), Water security and rural household food security. food security, 6(4): 483-499.
Siyoum, A.D. (2012): Broken Promises Food Security Interventions and Rural Livelihoods in Ethiopia, PhD thesis, Wageningen University.
Strauss, A. and Corbin, J. (1990): Basics of qualitative research: Grounded theory procedures and techniques. Newbury Park, CA: Sage.
Trefry, A., Parkins, J., and Cundill, G. 2014. Culture and food security: a case study of homestead food production in South Africa, Food Sec. 6: 555–565.
Geographical Engineering of Territory
Volume 8, Issue 1 - Serial Number 19
Spring 2024
Pages 189-202

  • Receive Date 04 September 2021
  • Revise Date 06 December 2021
  • Accept Date 25 January 2022
  • Publish Date 21 May 2024